The Old Regime

The political and social system in France from 1654 to 1789.
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'Wheel of Fortune' by Kev Butters, artist of 'Casanova in Paris: The Shadows of the King' - an online graphic novel created by Kev Butters and Dave Thompson.
L'astrolabe » XVIIIè
The Three Estates. The social hierarchy was divided into three broad categories, or Estates. These Estates were extremely rigid, with the large majority of the population living and dying according to their ascribed status. In addition, there were numerous other social divisions that worked within and across these Estates with their own defined privileges. The First Estate was the Catholic Church, the Second Estate was the nobility and the Third Estate, 97 per cent, was the rest.
Royal Coat of Arms of France. The Old Regime, or Ancien Régime, is the term which came into existence during the French Revolution and is used by modern historians to refer to the reigns of Louis XIV, XV and XVI: a period (1654 to 1789) characterised by privilege, hierarchy, the notion of a divinely appointed absolute monarch and a powerful Catholic Church.
King Louis XIV (1643-1715). The head of this hierarchical society, of course, was the absolute monarch. By the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the monarchy exerted an unprecedented degree of control over France, his authority exercised through royal officials.
King Louis XV. In his memoirs Casanova reflected: "At this period the Parisians fancied that they loved the king... At the present day they are more enlightened, and would only love the sovereign whose sole desire is the happiness of his people... As for kings like Louis XV, they have become totally impracticable; but if there are any such...in the eyes of public opinion they will be dishonoured and disgraced before their bodies are in a grave and their names are written in the book of history."
King Louis XVI (1754 to 1793). Louis' rigid attachment to the ideas of the Old Regime, including divine kingship and the privileges of the Church and nobility, contributed to his downfall and execution in 1793.
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (September 1627 – 12 April 1704), French bishop, political philosopher and theologian who played an important role in developing the theory of a divine right of kings. For Bossuet, a king's authority came directly from God and therefore his sovereignty was sacred and could not be shared.
Louis XV's coronation at Reims. The Catholic Church gave essential underpinning to the concept of a divinely appointed absolute monarch.
Family of duke of Penthièvre in 1768 or "The Cup of chocolate" by Jean-Baptiste Charpentier, XVIIIth century. A noble family of the Second Estate.
French nobility - Wikipedia
Armand de Vignerot du Plessis (1696–1788) (by Jean-Marc Nattier (1685-1766). Nobility (the Second Estate).
Julian Offrey de la Mettrie, 18th century French physician. A member or the Third Estate.
French peasantry (Louis La Nain, around 1643). Peasantry made up the bulk of the Third Estate.
Happy family (Louis Le Nain, 1642). The Third Estate made up 97% of the French population and included wage labourers, peasants, villeins, businessmen, merchants, physicians, actors, artists, craftsmen.